ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The effectiveness of currently available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Pfizer-BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a nationwide cohort of patients with IBD in Qatar. METHODS: Using a cohort design, we compared 476 IBD patients vaccinated identified between January 1, 2021, and March 31, 2021, with 476 matched unvaccinated controls (matched on age and date of SARS-CoV-2 testing). Study outcomes included documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic COVID-19, and COVID-19 related hospitalization. We also studied the side effects of the vaccination, including the effect on IBD exacerbation and hospitalizations related to adverse events. RESULTS: Total follow-up was 23,289 person-days for the vaccinated and 23,653 person-days for the unvaccinated group. Vaccine effectiveness >14 days [AAB1] after the second dose was 85.1% (95% CI: 65.2, 93.6) for confirmed infection, and 87.1% (95% CI: 63.6, 95.4)[AAB2] for symptomatic infection. No patient required hospitalization >14 days after the second vaccine dose. Estimated vaccine effectiveness between 22 to 35 days after the first dose was 14.8% (95% CI: -151.5, 71.2) [AAB3] for any documented infection, and 59.8% (95% CI: -106.1, 92.2) for symptomatic COVID-19 disease. For patients taking biologics with or without immunomodulators, vaccine effectiveness >14 days after the second dose was 94% (95% CI: 53.1, 99.2), and 92.7% (95% CI: 45.1, 99.0) for any documented infection and symptomatic COVID-19 respectively. Vaccine effectiveness was 87.4% (95% CI: 46.0, 97.1) for any documented infection and 91.7% (95% CI: 37.2, 98.9) for symptomatic COVID-19 during the same period for patients taking immunomodulators alone. None of the vaccinated patients required intensive care unit admission or died. No patient had IBD exacerbation or required hospitalization for vaccinationrelated adverse events. CONCLUSION: In a nationwide cohort of IBD patients, the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was safe and highly effective.
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized as a disease caused by a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2;formerly known as 2019-nCoV). In December 2019, COVID-19 began to appear in a few countries. By the beginning of 2020, it had spread to most countries across the world. This is when education challenges began to arise. The COVID-19 crisis led to the closure of thousands of schools and universities all over the world. Such a situation requires reliance on e-learning and robotics education for students to continue their studies to avoid the mingling between people and students. In relation to this alternative learning solution, the present study was conducted. A systematic literature review on educational robotics (ER) keywords between 2015–2020 was carried out for the purpose to review a total of 2253 articles from the selected sources;Scopus (452), Taylor & Francis (311), Science Direct (427), IEEE Xplore (221), and Web of Science (842). This review procedure was labelled as Taxonomy 1. After filtering Taxonomy 1, it was found that 98 scientific articles formed the so-called Taxonomy II that was categorized into six categories: (i) Robotics concepts, (ii) Device, (iii) Robotic applications, (iv) Manufacturing robots, (v) Robotics analysis, and (vi) Education/taxonomy. For this study, only 35 articles in this specific field were selected, of which were then assigned into three categories: (i) Application, (ii) Platform, and (iii) Educational. The results show that the application category carries 17.4%, platform 20%, and education 22.85%. This study serves as the application platform to help students, academics, and researchers. © 2021 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.